​Warning signs of fatty liver disease that are often ignored​ | The Times of India (2024)

Fatty liver disease, a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, has become increasingly common worldwide. It is generally categorized into two types: Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), caused by excessive alcohol consumption, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), which occurs in individuals who consume little to no alcohol. Both conditions can progress to more severe liver diseases, such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. One of the significant clinical manifestations of fatty liver disease includes swelling in various parts of the body. Understanding these swellings and their implications is crucial for early detection and management of the disease.

One of the most common swellings associated with fatty liver disease is abdominal swelling, also known as ascites. Ascites occur when fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, leading to a noticeable increase in abdominal girth. This condition is often a sign of advanced liver disease, such as cirrhosis, which results from prolonged fatty liver disease. The liver, when damaged, produces fewer proteins like albumin, which helps maintain the fluid balance in blood vessels. As a result, fluid leaks into the abdominal cavity. Patients may experience discomfort, pain, and difficulty breathing due to the pressure of the fluid on the diaphragm.

Peripheral edema refers to the swelling of the legs, ankles, and feet, commonly seen in individuals with fatty liver disease. This condition arises when the liver’s impaired function affects the body’s ability to produce proteins and hormones necessary for fluid regulation. Reduced levels of albumin in the blood lead to fluid leaking out of blood vessels and accumulating in the tissues of the lower extremities. In addition to a heavy, tight feeling in the legs, peripheral edema can cause significant discomfort and mobility issues. It is often exacerbated by prolonged periods of standing or sitting.

Although less commonly discussed, facial swelling can also be a symptom associated with advanced liver disease. The retention of sodium and water due to the liver's decreased ability to regulate these elements can lead to puffiness around the eyes and in the face. Facial swelling might not be as pronounced as abdominal or leg swelling, but it can still serve as a visual clue of underlying fluid retention issues stemming from liver dysfunction.

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